## ASQ Research & Development

# Facts for Families

If you've been asked to fill out an ASQ® questionnaire for your child, you might have questions about

### how this screener was developed and tested. Is it culturally responsive? How were different

### demographics included during development? Will results be reliable and relevant to your child?

### Rest assured this gold-standard screener is:

### Backed by decades of quality development using large research samples of children

that represent the diversity of the United States population. (See the next page for more details.)

### Used around the globe. ASQ has been used extensively around the world with

### populations as diverse as urban communities in the United States, Aboriginal

### communities in Australia, and communities throughout Denmark. The cutoff scores

work well with many diverse groups, indicating that child development is remarkably stable across populations and cultures.

### Developed and revised with diverse children in mind. Each edition of ASQ

### incorporates input from thousands of professionals working with a wide range of

### children and families. The developers gather this information through focus groups,

surveys, and studies. The feedback and concerns of diverse families and providers are reflected in each new edition.

### Technically sound. Both ASQfi-3 and ASQfi:SE-2 have high validity and reliability. That

### means you can trust them to effectively differentiate between children with potential

developmental delays and kids who appear to be developing typically. Download the **technical reports to read more: [https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-research.**](https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-research.)

### Translated with care. The ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE-2 translation process involves translators

### with knowledge of early childhood development, expert reviewers, and field testing in

### multiple locations. Adjustments to questionnaire items are made to reflect language

development, cultural differences, and family experience. Learn more about the development of specific translations at [https://bpub.fyi/ASQtranslation](https://bpub.fyi/ASQtranslation).

*Ages & Stages Questionnaires® and ASQ® are registered trademarks of* *and the ASQ logos are owned by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.* *© 2026 Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved.*

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Fast Facts About ASQ Research

• Large, unparalleled sample: The ASQ-3 research sample used to create the cutoff scores includes 
18,572 completed questionnaires for children ages 1 month to 66 months. The ASQ:SE-2 sample 
includes 16,424 completed questionnaires for children ages 1 month to 72 months.

• Wide geographic distribution: The research samples represent families from all 50 states and 
several U.S. territories.

• Representative of the U.S. population at the time of development: The research samples include 
children of many ethnicities and all socioeconomic statuses.

### Ethnicity of children in ASQ-3 sample

| Ethnicity | ASQ-3 sample | U.S. Census(2007) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Caucasian/white | 66.4% | 79.9% |
| Black or African American | 11.6% | 12.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 10.5% | ---$3;
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.9% | 4.4% |
| Native American/Alaskan | 1.1% | 0.9% |
| Other | 1.1% | 0.0% |
| Don’t know | 0.9% | 2.0% |
| Mixed race/ethnicity | 4.5% | -- |
| Total | 100% | 100% |

### Ethnicity of children in ASQ:SE-2 sample

| Ethnicity | ASQ:SE-2 sample | U.S. Census(2010) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Caucasian/white | 72.9% | 72.4% |
| Black or African American | 7.8% | 12.6% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 7.3% | --* |
| Asian | 4.3% | 4.8% |
| Native American | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Mixed race/ethnicity | 6.6% | -- |
| Other | N/A | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | N/A | 2.9% |
| Total | 100% | 100% |

* U.S. Census Bureau (2010) reported Hispanic or Latino 16.3%, Not 
Hispanic or Latino 83.7%; ASQ demographic data were collected in 
different categories.

• Demographic data was collected on children's gender, children's age, their mothers' education 
level, and family income level to ensure representative samples.

• Multilingual children were included in the research samples.

To Learn More:

2. Read more about the research studies at https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-research.

1. Access the For Parents page: View more details and download a quick guide to ASQ screening 
at https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-parents.

3. Learn what to expect and when to expect it in these three age-specific articles on milestones 
for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: https://bpub.fyi/Dev-Milestones.