Family Handout_ASQ Research
ASQ Research & Development
Facts for Families
If you've been asked to fill out an ASQ® questionnaire for your child, you might have questions about
how this screener was developed and tested. Is it culturally responsive? How were different
demographics included during development? Will results be reliable and relevant to your child?
Rest assured this gold-standard screener is:
Backed by decades of quality development using large research samples of children
that represent the diversity of the United States population. (See the next page for more details.)
Used around the globe. ASQ has been used extensively around the world with
populations as diverse as urban communities in the United States, Aboriginal
communities in Australia, and communities throughout Denmark. The cutoff scores
work well with many diverse groups, indicating that child development is remarkably stable across populations and cultures.
Developed and revised with diverse children in mind. Each edition of ASQ
incorporates input from thousands of professionals working with a wide range of
children and families. The developers gather this information through focus groups,
surveys, and studies. The feedback and concerns of diverse families and providers are reflected in each new edition.
Technically sound. Both ASQfi-3 and ASQfi:SE-2 have high validity and reliability. That
means you can trust them to effectively differentiate between children with potential
developmental delays and kids who appear to be developing typically. Download the **technical reports to read more: https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-research.**
Translated with care. The ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE-2 translation process involves translators
with knowledge of early childhood development, expert reviewers, and field testing in
multiple locations. Adjustments to questionnaire items are made to reflect language
development, cultural differences, and family experience. Learn more about the development of specific translations at https://bpub.fyi/ASQtranslation.
Ages & Stages Questionnaires® and ASQ® are registered trademarks of and the ASQ logos are owned by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. © 2026 Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved.
Fast Facts About ASQ Research
• Large, unparalleled sample: The ASQ-3 research sample used to create the cutoff scores includes 18,572 completed questionnaires for children ages 1 month to 66 months. The ASQ:SE-2 sample includes 16,424 completed questionnaires for children ages 1 month to 72 months.
• Wide geographic distribution: The research samples represent families from all 50 states and several U.S. territories.
• Representative of the U.S. population at the time of development: The research samples include children of many ethnicities and all socioeconomic statuses.
Ethnicity of children in ASQ-3 sample
| Ethnicity | ASQ-3 sample | U.S. Census(2007) |
|---|---|---|
| Caucasian/white | 66.4% | 79.9% |
| Black or African American | 11.6% | 12.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 10.5% | ---$3; |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.9% | 4.4% |
| Native American/Alaskan | 1.1% | 0.9% |
| Other | 1.1% | 0.0% |
| Don’t know | 0.9% | 2.0% |
| Mixed race/ethnicity | 4.5% | -- |
| Total | 100% | 100% |
Ethnicity of children in ASQ:SE-2 sample
| Ethnicity | ASQ:SE-2 sample | U.S. Census(2010) |
|---|---|---|
| Caucasian/white | 72.9% | 72.4% |
| Black or African American | 7.8% | 12.6% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 7.3% | --* |
| Asian | 4.3% | 4.8% |
| Native American | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Mixed race/ethnicity | 6.6% | -- |
| Other | N/A | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | N/A | 2.9% |
| Total | 100% | 100% |
- U.S. Census Bureau (2010) reported Hispanic or Latino 16.3%, Not Hispanic or Latino 83.7%; ASQ demographic data were collected in different categories.
• Demographic data was collected on children's gender, children's age, their mothers' education level, and family income level to ensure representative samples.
• Multilingual children were included in the research samples.
To Learn More:
Read more about the research studies at https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-research.
Access the For Parents page: View more details and download a quick guide to ASQ screening at https://bpub.fyi/ASQ-parents.
Learn what to expect and when to expect it in these three age-specific articles on milestones for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: https://bpub.fyi/Dev-Milestones.