Articles written about Ages and Stages Questionnaires

® ®

Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ )

Articles endorsing Ages & Stages Questionnaires

® as an accurate, cost-effective, parent- friendly instrument for screening and monitoring of preschool children:

Alkhafaji, R.S., Harrison, J., et al. (2025). Psychiatric observational assessment of young children, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2024.08.002.

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). Developmental surveillance and screening of infants and young children. Pediatrics, 108(1), 192–196.

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2006). Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: An algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics, 118, 405–420.

Aziizah, N., & Latifah, M. (2024). The influence of parenting style and stimulation on social- emotional development: Study of stunting and not stunting toddlers in Bogor Regency. Journal of Family Sciences. 9. 100-118. 10.29244/jfs.v9i1.52508.

Bartlett, J. (2020). Screening for childhood adversity: Conclusions and recommendations. *Adversity and Resilience Science, 1, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00004-8*

Beam, M., Kaiser, A., Paré, E., Schellenbach, C., & Murphy, M. (2015). Early developmental screening in high-risk communities: Implications for research and child welfare policy. The Advanced Generalist: Social Work Research Journal, 1(3/4), 18–36.

Boyce, A. (2005). Review of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires. In B.S. Plake & J.C. Impara (Eds.), The sixteenth mental measurements yearbook, 31–366. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.

Chan, B., & Taylor, N. (1998). Follow along program cost analysis in southwest Minnesota. Infants & Young Children, 10(4), 71–79.

Cortez-Vergara, C., et al. (2025). Initial steps in the selection of a child development screening instrument in the Peruvian context. Boletin Medicao del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez.82, Supl 1. https://www.bmhim.com/files/es/bmhim_25_82_supl1_025-

035.pdf DeVeney, S., et al. (2025). A Scoping Review of Motor and Language Measurement Tools Used in Early Childhood Research. Infants & Young Children 38(1):p 56-73, January/March

| DOI: 10.1097/IYC.0000000000000282 Copyright © 2025 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. www.agesandstages.com

Dobrez, D., Sasso, A., Holl, J., Shalowitz, M., Leon, S., & Budetti, P. (2001). Estimating the cost of developmental and behavioral screening of preschool children in general pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 108(4), 913–922.

Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Dworkin, P. (2008). Pediatric developmental screening: Understanding and selecting screening instruments. The Commonwealth Fund. Retrieved from http://www.commonwelathfundlorg/publications.

Faruk T., King, C., Muhit, M., et al. (2020). Screening tools for early identification of children with developmental delay in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMJ Open 2020;10:e038182. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038182

Guevara, J., Gerdes, M., Localio, R., Huang, Y., Pinto-Martin, J., Minkovitz, C., Hsu, D., Kyriakou, L., Baglivo, S., Kavanagh, J., & Pati, Susmita. (2013). Effectiveness of developmental screening in an urban setting, Pediatrics, 131(1):30-7. doi:

10.1542/peds.2012-0765. Epub 2012 Dec 17. PMID: 23248223. Hanig, K.M. (2010). Review of Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: A Parent-Completed Child Monitoring System. In R.A. Spies, J.F. Carlson, & K. F. Geisinger (Eds.), The eighteenth mental measurements yearbook, 10–13. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.

Kallioinen, M., Eadon, H., Murphy, M., & Baird, G. (2017). Developmental follow-up of children and young people born preterm: Summary of NICE guidance. BMJ, 358, j3514, 1-

(4-Year ASQ). Kendall, S., Nash, A., Braun, A., Bastug, G., Rougeaux, E., & Bedford, H. (2019). Acceptability and understanding of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition, as part of the Healthy Child Programme 2-year health and development review in England: Parent and professional perspectives. Child Care Health Development, 45:251-256.

Kumar, A. (2022). Responding and identifying developmental delays in children. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 7, 7.

Lamsal, R., Dutton, D., & Zwicker, J. (2018). Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in the general population as a measure for identifying children not at risk of a neurodevelopmental disorder. BMC Pediatrics. doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1105-z.

Lipkin, P., Geleske, T., & King, T. (2009). Implementing developmental screening in the medical home [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.medicalhomeinfo.org/downloads/ppts/DPIPteleconference.ppt

Limbos, M., & Joyce, D. (2011). Comparison of the ASQ and PEDS in screening for developmental delay in children presenting for primary care. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(7), 499–511.

Marks, K.P., Glascoe, F.P., & Macias, M.M. (2011). Enhancing the algorithm for developmental–behavioral surveillance and Screening in children 0 to 5 years. Clinical Pediatrics, 2011 Sep;50(9):853-68. doi: 10.1177/0009922811406263.

Marks, K., & LaRosa, A. (2012). Understanding developmental-behavioral screening measures. Pediatrics in Review, 33(10), 448–458.

McCoy, S., Bowman, A., Smith-Blockley, J., Sanders, K., Megens, A., & Harris, S. (2009). Harris Infant Neuromotor Test: Comparison of US and Canadian normative data and examination of concurrent validity with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Physical Therapy, 89(2), 173–180.

Muthusamy, S., Wagh, D., Tan, J, Bulsara, M., Rao, S. (2020). Utility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to identify developmental delay in children aged 12 to 60 months: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 176(10):980–989. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3079

Postlewaite, E., et al. (2024). Implementing the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in a Montessori setting. Journal of Montessori Research, Fall 2024. Vol 10, (2). 1-20.

Quig, T., Mahajerin, A., Sullivan, P., Pradhan, K., & Bauer, N. (2013). Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 developmental screening of infants and young children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. DOI: 10.1177/1043454213493510.

Radecki, L., Sand-Loud, N., O’Connor, K.G., Sharp, S., & Olson, L.M. (2011). Trends in the use of standardized tools for developmental screening in early childhood: 2002–2009. Pediatrics, 128(1), 14–19.

Ringwalt, S. (2008). Developmental screening and assessment instruments, Retrieved from http://www.nectac.org.

Ronald, A., & Gui, A. (2024). The potential and translational application of infant genetic research. Nat Genet. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01822-7

San Antonio, M., Fenick, A., Shabanova, V., Leventhal, J., & Weitzman, C. (2014). Developmental screening using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Standardized versus real-world conditions. Infants & Young Children, 27(2), 111-119.

Thomas, S., Cotton, W., Pan, X., & Ratliff-Schaub, K. (2011). Comparison of systematic developmental surveillance with standardized developmental screening in primary care. Clinical Pediatrics, 51(2), 154–159.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (March, 2014). Birth to 5: Watch Me Thrive! A Compendium of Screening Measures for Young Children. Copyright © 2025 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. www.agesandstages.com

Valleley, R. J., & Roane, B. M. (2010). Review of Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: A Parent- Completed Child Monitoring System. In R.A. Spies, J.F. Carlson, & K.F. Geisinger (Eds.), The eighteenth mental measurements yearbook, 13–15. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.

Vitrikas, K., Savard, D., & Bucaj, M. (2017). Developmental delay: When and how to screen. American Family Physician. 96(1): 36-43.

Zhou, Z., Cao, Y., et al. (2023). Status of the neonatal follow-up system in China: survey and analysis. World Journal of Pediatrics. 10.1007/s12519-023-00742-6

Zubler, J., Wiggins, L., Macias, M., … Squires, a., et al. (2022). Evidence-informed milestones for developmental surveillance tools. Pediatrics, 149(3): e2021052138. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052138

ASQ Review Articles

Cibralic, S., Hawker, P., Khan, F., et al. (2023). Developmental screening tools for identification of children with developmental difficulties in high-income countries: a systematic review. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Doi: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1074004

Dahiya, A., DeLucia, E., McDonnell, C., & Scarpa, A. (2021). A systematic review of technical approaches for autism spectrum disorder assessment in children: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 109.103852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103852

Downs, S., Boddy, L., Bronagh, M., James, R., et al. (2020). Motor competence assessments for children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. e000902.10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000902.

Marks, K., Sjo, N., & Wilson, P. (2018). Comparative use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in the US and Scandinavia: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14044.

Rousseau, M., Dionne, C., Savard, R.T., Schonhaut, L., & Londono, M. (2021). Translation and cultural adaptation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) worldwide: A scoping review. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 42(6):490-501. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000940. PMID: 33990508.

Singh, A., Yeh, C., & Blanchard, S. (2016). Ages and Stages Questionnaire: a global screening scale. Hospital Infantil de Mexico. Masson Doyma Mexico SA, 5-10.

Velikonja, T., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Calderson, A., Sleed, M., et al. (2017). The psychometric properties of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires for ages 2-2.5: a systematic review. Child Care Health and Development. 43(1), DOI: 10.111/cch.12397. Epub2016Aug24.

Psychometric studies:

Agarwal, H., Xie, A., et al. (2024). Concurrent validity of the ages and stages questionnaires with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 2 years-Singapore cohort study. Pediatrics and Neonatology, DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.03.013

Alvarez-Nunez, L., Gonzalez, M., Rudnitzky, F., & Vasquez-Echeverria, A. (2021). Psychometric properties of the ASQ-2 in a nationally representative sample of Uruguay. Early Human Development, 157, 105367, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105367.

Astivia, O., Forer, B., Dueker, G., Cowling, C., & Guhn, M. (2017). The Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Latent factor structure and growth of latent mean scores over time. Early Human Development (115), 99-109.

Chen, C., et al. (2023). Developmental and social-emotional screening: What tests can tell us. Infants & Young Children, 36 (4), 285-295.

Chen, C.Y., Xie, H., Clifford, J., Chen, C.I., Squires, J. (2018). Examining internal structures of a developmental measure using multidimensional item response theory. Journal of Early Intervention, 105381511878806. doi:10.1177/1053815118788063

Gulati, S., et al. (2023). Socio-cultural adaptation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) with Indian children ages 2 to 24 months. Indian Pediatrics, 60, 908-912.

Hornman, J., Kerstjens, J., De Winter, A., Bos, A. & Reijneveld, S. (2012). Validation of the Dutch 60 months ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ). Archives of Disease in Childhood 97(2), A499-A500.

Mexawa, H., Oda, M., Nakayama, S., & Mitsubuchi, H. (2019). Psychometric profile of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Japanese translation. Pediatrics International. DOI:

10.1111/ped.13990. Otalvarao, A., Granana, N., Gaeto, N. et al. (2018). ASQ-3: validación del Cuestionario de Edades y Etapas para la detección de trastornos del neurodesarrollo en niños argentines. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 116(1):7-13.

Schonhaut, L., Martinez-Nadal, Sl., Armijo, Il, & Demestre, X. (2019). Reliability and agreement of Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Results in late preterm and term-born infants at 24 and 48 months. Early Human Development 128, 55-61.

Schonhaut et al. (2021). Predictive validity of developmental screening questionnaires for identifying children with later cognitive or educational difficulties: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9:698549. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.698549. PMID: 34900855; PMCID: PMC8651980.

Schonhaut, L., Perez, M., Armijo, I., & Maturana, A., (2020). Comparison between Ages & Stages Questionnaire and Bayley Scales, to predict cognitive delay in school age. Early Human Development. 41:104933. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104933.

Wheeler, A., Ventura, C., Ridenour, T., Toth, D., et al. (2018). Skills attained by infants with congenital Zika syndrome: Pilot data from Brazil. PLOS One. 13(7): e0201495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201495

Early detection of autism, joint committee for screening and diagnosis of autism and used

for first level ASD screening:

Alkherainej, K. & Squires, J. (2015). Accuracy of three screening instruments in identifying preschool children risk for autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment.

DuBay, M., Lee, H., & Palomo, R. (2023). Evidence map of Spanish language parent- and self- report screening and diagnostic tools for autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism *Spectrum Disorders, 102, 102–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102117*

Filipek, P., Accadro, P., Ashwal, S, et al. (2000). Practice parameter: screening and diagnosis of autism: A report of the quality standards subcommittee of American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology, 55, 468-479.

Hardy, S., Haisley, L., Manning, C., & Fein, D. (2015). Can screening with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire detect autism? Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(7), 536-543.

Kelly, R., Boulin, A., Laranjo, N., Lee-Sarwar, K., et al. (2019). Metabolomics and communication skills development in children; Evidence from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Metabolites. doi:10.3390/metabo9030042.

Oien, R., Schjolberg, S., Volkmar, F., Shic, F. et al. (2018). Clinical features of children with autism who passed 18-month screening. Pediatrics, 141(8). Doi.org/10/1542/peds.2017.3596.

Shimoura, H., et al. (2022). Early developmental signs in children with autism spectrum disorders: Results from the aapan Environment and Children’s Study. Children (Basel). 9(1):90. doi: 10.3390/children9010090. PMID: 35053715; PMCID: PMC8774672.

Valdez, M., et al. (2022). Autism spectrum disorder screening practices in the United States and Mexico. Contemporary Research in Disability and Rehabilitation, 3, (2), 1-20.

Recommended for general developmental follow-up:

Abdelbaky, O., Deifallah, S., et al. (2022). Screening for developmental delays in children 2-36 months of age in a primary health care center in Cairo, Egypt. Journal of High Institute of Public Health. OI: 10.21608/JHIPH.2022.254505.

Ahsan, S., Murphy, G., Kealy, S., & Sharif, F. (2008). Current developmental surveillance: Is it time for change? The Irish Medical Journal, 101(4), 110-2.

Arruda, W., et al. (2023). Promoting optimal mental health outcomes for children and youth. Paediatrics & Child Health, Volume 28, Issue 7, November 2023, Pages 417–425, https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxad032

Costa, B., White, P., et al. (2022). Parent-reported socioemotional and cognitive development of children with a cleft lip and/or palate at 18 months: Findings from a UK birth cohort. Child Care Health Development, 47:31-39.

Glascoe, F. P. (2000, March). Evidence-based approach to developmental and behavioral surveillance using parents’ concerns. Child: Care, Health & Development, 26(2), 137–149.

Karam, F., Chambers, C., Johnson, D., Kao, K et al. (2015). The ASQ and R-PDQ telephone- administered validation within the OTIS antidepressant in pregnancy study. Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 1507-1512.

Lipkin, P. (2006). Moving Forward in Development Screening. Pediatric News, 40(9), 34.

Macy, M. (2012). The evidence behind developmental screening instruments. Infants and Young Children, 25(1), 16-61.

Manasyan A, Salas AA, Nolen T, et al. (2023). Diagnostic accuracy of ASQ for screening of neurodevelopmental delays in low resource countries. BMJ Open; 13:e065076. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-065076

Pinto-Martin, J., Dunkle, M., Earls, M., Fliedner, D., & Landes, C., (2004). Developmental stages of developmental screening: Steps to implementation of a successful program. American Journal of Public Health, 95(11), 6–10.

Pizur-Barnekow, K., Erickson, S., Johnston, M., Bass, T., Lucinski, L., & Bleuel, D. (2010). Early identification of developmental delays through surveillance, screening, and diagnostic evaluation. Infants & Young Children, 23(4), 323–330.

Used successfully for screening and developmental surveillance in office settings:

Allen, S., Berry, A., Brewster, J., Chalasani, R., Mack, P. (2010). Enhancing developmentally oriented primary care: An Illinois initiative to increase developmental screening in medical homes. Pediatrics, (126), Supplement 3, S160-S164.

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2006). Developmental screening tools. Pediatrics, 118(1), 410–413.

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2007). D-PIP Workshop 2007 Education Session. Screening tools: Those used and others to consider. Developmental Surveillance and Screening Policy Implementation project [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.medicalhomeinfo.org/downloads/ppts/D- PIPWorkshop2007ToolsEducSession.ppt

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2011). Coding for pediatric preventive care 2011. Bright Futures Prevention and Health Promotion for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and their Families. Retrieved from http://brightfutures.aap.org/pdfs/Coding%20for%20preventive%20care_1pdf.pdf

Bevan, S., Liu, J., Wallis, K., & Pinto-Martin, J. (2020). Screening instruments for developmental and behavioral concerns in pediatric Hispanic populations in the United States: Systematic literature review. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 41: 71-80.

Carroll, A., Bauer, N.; Dugan, T, Anand,V., Saha,C.,.& Downs, S (2014). Use of a Computerized Decision Aid for Developmental Surveillance and Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.464.

Charkaluk, M., Kana, G.D., Benhammou V., et al. (2024). Neurodevelopment at age 5.5 years according to Ages & Stages Questionnaire at 2 years’ corrected age in children born preterm: the EPIPAGE-2 cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition Published Online doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325928

Charkaluk, M., Rousseau, J., Calderon, J., Bernard, J., Forhan, A., Heude, B., & Kaminski, M., (2017). Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 3 years for predicting IQ at 5-6 years. Pediatrics, 139 (4), e20162798.

Dunkle, M., & Hill, J. (2009). Developmental checkups for all children. Three good choices for practices and providers: ASQ, PEDS, and PEDS:DM. AAP Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Newsletter, Spring 2009.

Dunkle, M., & Vismara, L. (2003). A different kind of test. Policy strategies to improve identification of disabilities in children, especially through primary care screening. Retrieved from http://www.aap.org/sections/dbpeds/pdf/A%20Different%20Kind%20of%20Test.pdf

Earls, M., & Hay, S. (2006). Setting the stage for success: Implementation of developmental and behavioral screening and surveillance in primary care practice. The North Carolina Assuring Better Child Health and Development (ABCD) Project, 118(1), 183–188.

Glascoe, F., & Squires, J. (2002). Different screens, different results: What does this mean for primary care? Pediatrics, 109, 1181–1183.

Hamilton, S. (2006). Screening for developmental delay: Reliable, easy-to-use tools. Journal of Family Practice, 55, 415–422.

Hix-Small, H., Marks, K., Squires, J., & Nickel, R. (2007). Impact of implementing developmental screening at 12 and 24 months in a pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 120(2), 381–389.

Hunter, L., Myszkowski, M., Johnson, S., Rostad, P., Weaver, Am & Lynch, B. (2014). Comparing the clinical utility of the Infant Developmental Inventory with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 9-month well-child visits. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. DOI: 10.1177/2150131914560228, 1-6.

Jaswa, E., et al. (2024). In utero exposure to maternal COVID-19 vaccination and offspring neurodevelopment at 12 and 18 months. JAMA Pediatrics. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5743

Mathews, T., King, M.L., Kupzyk, K., & Lake, C. (2014). Findings and implications of developmental screening for high-risk children referred to a tertiary developmental disability center. Journal of Pediatric Health Care (28), 6, 507-515.

Radecki, L., Sand-Loud, N., O’Connor, K.G., Sharp, S., & Olson, L.M. (2011). Trends in the use of standardized tools for developmental screening in early childhood, 2002−2009. Pediatrics, 128, 14−19.

Roan, B., Valleley, R., & Allen, K. (2012). Impact of Ages and Stages Questionnaires scores on pediatrician referral patterns. Infants and Young Children, 25:2, 149-157.

Sices, L., Stancin, T., Kirchner, L., & Bauchner, H. (2009). PEDS and ASQ developmental screening tests may not identify the same children. Pediatrics, 124(4), 640–647.

Sices, L., Drotar, D., Keilman, A., Kirchner, L., Roberts, D., & Stancin, T. (2008). Communication about child development during well-child visits: Impact of parents’ evaluation of developmental status screener with or without an informational video. Pediatrics, 122, 1091–1099.

Szczepaniak, D., Mchenry, M., Nutakki, K., Bauer, N., & Downs, S. (2013). The Prevalence of At-Risk Development in Children 30 to 60 Months Old Presenting With Disruptive Behaviors. Clinical Pediatrics, 942-949. doi:19.1177/0009922813493832

Worcester, S. (2007, September). Ages and Stages’ screen improves referral rates. Pediatric News, 41(9), 24–25.

Used successfully for follow up and assessment of premature and at-risk infants,

randomized medical trials, and interventions related to developmental outcomes:

Adane, A., Mishra, G., & Tooth, L., (2018). Maternal preconception weight trajectories, pregnancy complications and offspring’s childhood physical and cognitive development. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, doi.org/1017/S2040174418000570.

Al-Saleh, I., et al. (2023). Exposure of preterm neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition to phthalates and its impact on neurodevelopment at the age of 2 months. Scientific Reports 13, 6969/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33715-w

Alvarado-Domenech, L. (2022). Early childhood developmental outcome after prenatal Zika virus exposure: a cohort study in Puerto Rico. Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.016

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2003). Identification of children <36 months at risk for developmental problems and referral to early identification programs. Periodic Survey of Fellows. Executive Summary. Periodic Survey #53. Retrieved from http://www.aap.org/research/periodicsurvey/ps53exs.htm

Andersson, O., Lindquist, B., Lindgren, M., Stjernqvist, K., Domellöf, M., & Hellström-Westas,

L. (2015). Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 4 Years of Age. JAMA Pediatrics, E1-E8. doi:10.1001/jamapediatric.2015.0358 Copyright © 2025 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. www.agesandstages.com

Anis, L., et al. (2020). Effects of attachment and child health parent training on parent-child interaction quality and child development. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. 52(2):157-168. doi:10.1177/0844562119899004

Asztalos, E., Hannah, M, Hutton, E., Willan, A. (2016). Twin birth study: 2-year neurodevelopmental follow-up of randomized trial of planned cesarean or planned vaginal delivery for twin pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 214:371-

Atlan, A., et al. (2024). Neurodevelopmental outcome in children between one and five years after persistent pulmonary hypertension of term and near-term newborns. Frontiers in Pediatrics.12. 10.3389/fped.2024.1450916

Bandoli, G., Bertrand, K., Saoor, M., & Chambers, C. (2020). The design and mechanics of an accessible human milk research biorepository. Breastfeeding Medicine, 15(3), DOI:

10.1089/bfm.2019.0277. Bahadur, E., Yilmaz, M., & Ozdemir, A. (2023). Behavior problems in preschools with developmental language disorder. Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease,

10.12956/tchd.1298463 Barreault, S., Bellanger, A., Berneau, P., Pintiere, A., et al. (2019). Impact of early protein and energy intakes on neurodevelopment at 2 years of corrected age in very low birth weight infants: A single-center observational study. PloS One, 14(6):e0218887. doi:

10.1371/journal.pone.0218887. PMID: 31233553; PMCID: PMC6590817. Baysal, S., et al. (2023). Neurodevelopment of patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab or aflibercept for type 1 and aggressive retinopathy of prematurity. European Journal of Ophthalmology. doi:10.1177/11206721231200666

Baumgartel, K., Jensen, L., White, S., Wong, K., et al. (2020). The contributions of fetal growth restriction and gestational age to developmental outcomes at 12 months of age: A cohort study. Human Development. 142, 104591.

Beaugrand, M., et al. (2023). Lack of association between behavioral development and simplified topographical markers of the sleep EEG in infancy. Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, 15 10098.

Bell, G., Sundaram, R., Mumford, S. Park H., et al. (2018). Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and early offspring development. Human Reproduction, 33, 1307–1315, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey087.

Benzies, K. M., Bartram, F. C., & McNeil, D. A. (2025). Effect of model of neonatal care on neurodevelopment at the 18 month follow-up in moderate and late preterm infants. Journal *of Clinical Medicine, 14(2), 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020586*

Berg, J., Isacson, M., Basnet, O., Gurung, R., et al. (2021). Effect of delayed cord clamping on neurodevelopment at 3 years: A randomized controlled trial. Neonatology. 118:282-288. doi: 10.1159/000515838.

Bergh, E., Rennie, K., et al. (2024). Use of internet-based surveys to collect long-term pediatric outcomes in patients with twin-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting. 03/07/2024:60039 DOI: 10.2196/60039

Bernard, J., Armand, M., Garcia, C., Forhan, A., Agostini, M., Charles, M., & Heude, B. (2015). The association between linoleic acid levels in colostrum and child cognition at 2 and 3 y in the EDEN cohort. Pediatric Research, 77(6), 829-835.

Blomkvist, E., Hillesund, E., Sissel, H., Simhan, I., & Overby, N. (2019). Diet and neurodevelopment score in a sample of one-year-old children—A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 11(7), 1676

Borgstrom, K., Torki, J., & Lindsay, M. (2015, February). Event-related potentials during word mapping to object shape predict toddlers’ vocabulary size. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 000143.

Borgstrom, K., Torki, J., & Lindsay, M. (2015). Substantial gains in word learning ability between 20 and 24 months: A longitudinal study. Brain and Language, 149, 33-45.

Borren, I., Tambs, K., Gustavon, K., Schjolberg, S., et al. (2018). Early prenatal explore to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection and child psychomotor development at 6 months— A population-based cohort study. Early Human Development, 122, 1-7.

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Copyright © 2025 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. www.agesandstages.com environmental factors and of emotional, behavioral, and social functioning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 178.

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Used successfully for screening and follow-up of children in foster care, public health,

hospital, infant mental health, and day care, Early Head Start community settings:

Archer-Kuhn, B., et al. (2023). Survey of mothers’ experiences of shared parenting and domestic violence. Family Court Review, 61, 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12715

Baggett, K., Warlen, L., Hamilton, J. Roberts, J., & Staker, M. (2007). Screening infant mental health indicators: An Early Head Start initiative, Infants & Young Children, 20(4), 300–

Chiu, S., & DiMarco, M. (2010). A pilot study comparing two developmental screening tools for use with homeless children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care: Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners, 24(2), 73–80.

Duley, L. (2006). The Magpie Trial: A randomized trial comparing magnesium sulphate with placebo for pre-elcampsia. Outcome for children at 18 months. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166221.

Fernald, L, Stewart, C., Galasso, Em., & Weber, A. (2016). A cluster-randomized, controlled trial of nutritional supplementation and promotion o responsive parenting in Madagascar: the MAHAY study design and rationale. BMC Public Health (16:466).

Filgueiras, A., Pires, P., & Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2014). Screening measures used in child daycare centers: A 15-Years systematic review. Psychology, 5, 2109-2119.

Gibb, R. et al. (2021). Promoting executive function skills in preschoolers using a play-based program. Frontiers in Psychology, 720225.

Handal, A., Lozoff, B., Breilh, J., & Harlow, S. (2007). Effects of community residence on neurobehavioral development in infants and young children in flower-growing region of Ecuador. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(1), 128–133.

Harris, D., Weston, P., et al. (2024). Relationship between neonatal cerebral fuels and neurosensory outcomes at 3 years in well babies: Follow-up of the Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) study. Neonatology 2024; https://doi.org/10.1159/000538377

Harris, J., & Norton, M. (2016). The Quick Peek Program: A Model for developmental screening in underserved communities. Infants & Young Children, 29(4),290-298.

Hartman, C., Richards, a., et al. (2022). Cohort Profile Update: The TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey—The Next Generation (TRAILS NEXT), International Journal of *Epidemiology, Volume 51, Issue 5, Pages e267–e275, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac066*

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Copyright © 2025 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. www.agesandstages.com supplementation of human milk with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. Pediatrics, 121(6), 1137–1145.

Huberman, H. (2000). A randomized clinical control trial examining the feasibility of three different approaches to periodic screening of at-risk children. Study supported by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau. New York: Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, Inc.

Jensen, S., et al. (20210. Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: A cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda. British Medical Journal Global Health 6(1): e003508.

Kotzky, K., Allen, J., Robinson, L., & Satterfield-Nash, P. (2019). Depressive symptoms and care demands among primary caregivers of young children with evidence of congenital Zika virus infection in Brazil. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 40(5). 344-353.

McKnight, S. (2014). Implementing the Ages and Stages questionnaire in health visiting practice. Ten Alps Publishing, 87.11. 28.

McLeigh, J., Tunnell, K., & Lazcano, C. (2021). Developmental status of young children in foster care. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 42(5):389-400,

Nelson, A., Miller, A., Munoz, M., Rumaldo, N., et al. (2018). CASITA: a controlled pilot study of community-based family coaching to stimulate early child development in Lima, Peru. BMJ Pediatrics Open. 2:e000268. doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000268.

O’Connor, C., Laszewski, A., Hammel, & Durkin, M.S. (2011). Using portable computers in home visits: Effects on programs, data quality, home visitors and caregivers. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1318−1324.

Odeh, C. (2019). Relationship of physical activity and developmental skills in preschool children. Integrative Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2(3).

Radman, H., Hashim. M., Ovaid, R., Hasan, H et al. (2018). The Mother-Infant Cohort (MISC): Methodology, challenges, and baseline characteristics. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0198278

Rispoli, K., Norman, M., & Hicks, E. (2021). Early childhood educators’ attitudes about developmental screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Early childhood *Teacher Education. https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujec20*

Shabidullab, J., Forman, S., Norton, A. Harris, J., et al. (2020). Implementation of developmental screening by childcare providers. Infants & Young Children, 33(1), 21-34.

Squires, J., Katzev, A., & Jenkins, F. (2002). Early screening for developmental delays: Use of parent-completed questionnaires in Oregon’s Healthy Start Program. Early Child Development and Care, 172(3), 275–282.

Toussaint, E., & Roussseau, D. (2022). PEGASE Program: Identification of babies in child protection system at risk of developmental delays or disorders and the implementation of a supra-optimal care pathway. Child Abuse Review, doi.org/10.1002/car.2805.

Traube, D., Hsiao, H., Rau, A., Hunt-O’Brian, D., et al. (2019). Advancing home-based parenting through the use of telehealth technology. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01458-w

Tunon, I, Longhi, F. et al. (2024). Positive impacts on child development of a home visiting program in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Child and Youth Services Review, 66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107931.

Williams, D.L., Gelijns, A.C., Moskowitz, A.J., Weinberg, A.D., Ng, J.H., Crawford, E., Hayes,

C.J., & Quaegebeur, J.M. (2000). Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: valuing the survival. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 119(4 Pt 1), 720–31. Wright, T., Stevens, S., & Wouldes, T. (2018). Mothers and their infants co-admitted to a newly developed mother-baby unit: Characteristics and outcomes. Infant Mental Health Journal. DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21742.

Yoshimoto, D.K., Robertson, T., & Hayes, D. (2014). The Hawai’i Home Visiting Network: Evidence-Based home visiting services in Hawai’i. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health, 73(5): 155-60.

Yu, L., Hey, E., Doyle, L., Farrell, B., Spark, B., Altman, D., & Duley, L. (2007). Evaluation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in identifying children with neurosensory disability in the Magpie Trial follow-up study. Acta Paediatrica, 96, 1803–1808.

Used for teaching medical students about early development:

Nicol, P. (2006). Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to teach medical students developmental assessment: a descriptive analysis. BioMed Central Medical Education, *6(29). Retrieved from http://biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/6/29.*

Perrin, H., Feldman, H., & Hufman, L. (2020). Development and evaluation of a school readiness curriculum for pediatrics residents. MedEdPortal. 16:10976. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10976

Used in Public Libraries as Early Childhood Service

Daskalakes, T.M., et al. (2023). How Can We Better Serve Children with Disabilities? Public Library Accessibility Recommendations from Early Intervention Coordinators, Public *Library Quarterly, https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2023.2267961*

Used to evaluate the role of early fine and gross motor development:

Colliver, Y., Pacey, V., & Shepherd, R. (2019). Analysis of infant physical activity in the childcare environment: An observation study. Infant Behavior & Development, DOI:

10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101338 Lasutschinkow, P. C., Bo, J., et al. (2024). Convergent validity between the motor domain of PediaTracTM and Ages and Stages in term and preterm infants at 2, 4, 6, and 9 months of age. Assessment, 0(0) https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241241144

Piek, J., Dawson, L., Smith, L., & Gasson, N. (2008). The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability. Human Movement Science, 27(5), 668–

Xiong, Y., et al. (2024). Development of gross motor skills in children under the age of 3 years: a decision tree approach. Front. Public Health, 21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421173

Used successfully for follow up of infants born after infertility, assisted reproductive

technologies:

Bell, G., Sundaram, R., Mumford, S. Park H., et al. (2018). Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and early offspring development. Human Reproduction, doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey087.

Palermo, G., Neri, Q., Takeuchi T, Squires ,

J., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2008). Genetic and epigenetic characteristics of ICSI children. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 17(6), 820-833.

Squires, J., Carter, A., & Kaplan, P, (2003). Developmental monitoring of children conceived by ICSI and IVF. Fertility and Sterility, 79(2), 453–454.

Squires, J. K., Carter, A., & Kaplan, P. F. (2001). Developmental monitoring of children conceived by ICSI and IVF. Fertility & Sterility, 76(3), Supplement 1:S145–S146.

Squires, J. K., Kaplan, P. F., & Carter, A. M. (2000). Developmental Monitoring of ICSI/IVF Offspring. Fertility & Sterility, 73(4), Supplement 1:14S.

Low-cost alternative—annual cost of $25.00–$50.00 for following children:

Chan, B., & Taylor, N. (1998). Follow along program cost analysis in southwest Minnesota. Infants & Young Children, 10(4), 71–79.

Used successfully in home visiting and Early Head Start programs:

McKnight, S. (2014). Implementing the Ages and Stages questionnaire in health visiting practice. Ten Alps Publishing, 87.11. 28.

O’Connor, Cailin, Laszewski, A., Hammel, & Durkin, M.S. (2011). Using portable computers in home visits: Effects on programs, data quality, home visitors and caregivers. Children and *Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1318−1324.*

Yoshimoto, D.K., Robertson, T., Hayes, D. (2014). The Hawai’I Home Visiting Network: Evidence-based home visiting services in Hawai’i. Hawai’I Journal of Medicine & Public Health 73(5): 155-60.

In community day care settings:

Filgueiras, A., Pires, P., Landeira-Fernandez, J., (2014). Screening Measures Used in Child Daycare Centers: A 15-Years Systematic Review. Psychology, 5, 2109-2119.

In inner-city public health clinics:

Huberman, H. (2000). A randomized clinical control trial examining the feasibility of three different approaches to periodic screening of at-risk children. Study supported by the

Maternal and Child Health Bureau. New York: Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, Inc.

Used for evaluating the 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics developmental surveillance

and screening algorithm

Marks, K.P., Glascoe, F.P., & Macias, M.M. (2011). Enhancing the algorithm for developmental–behavioral surveillance and Screening in children 0 to 5 years. Clinical Pediatrics, XX(X), 1–16.

Used to evaluate the role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability:

Piek J., Dawson L., Smith L., & Gasson N. (2008). The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability. Human Movement Science, 27(5), 668–

Used to screen dual language learners, language enhancement, determine the prevalence of

late-language emergence, and to investigate the predictive status of maternal, family, and

child variables:

Coelho, A., Gonzalez, L., & Gibb, R. (2020). Building executive function in pre-school children through play: a curriculum. International Journal of Play https://doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2020.1720127

Guiberson, M. & Banerjee, R., (2012). Using questionnaires to screen emergent dual language learner toddlers & preschool-age children for language disorders. YEC Monograph No. 14 Using questionnaires to screening young dual language learners with or at-risk for disabilities. Division for Early Childhood, Council of Exceptional Children.

Guler Yildiz, T., Gonen, M., Ulker Erdem, A., Garcia, A., Raikes, H., et al. (2019). Examining the associations between children’s receptive language skills and developmental domains in the United States and Turkey. Journal of Child Language, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000918000570

Henteges, R., Madigan, S., Plamondon, A., Racine, N., et al. (2019). Heterogeneous trajectories of delayed communicative development from 12 to 36 months: Predictors and consequences. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4(5), 335-343.

Kern, S., Valente, D., & dos Santo, C. (2019). Lexical development in bilingual French/Portuguese speaking toddlers. Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech. 1.2. 206-224.

Kim, S., Lee, Y., et al. (2022). Predictive validity and factors of direct and indirect language screening for children using panel data. Korean J Child Stud; 43(1): 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2022.43.1.1

Lauro, J., Core, C., & Hoff, E. (2020). Explaining individual differences in trajectories of simultaneous bilingual development: Contributions of child and environmental factors. Child Development, 91(6), 2063-2082.

Murray, A., & Egan, S. (2014). Does reading to infants benefit their cognitive development at 9- months-old? An investigation using a large birth cohort survey. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 30(3), 303-315.

Netelenbos, N. et al. (2020). A case for early screening: prenatal alcohol risk exposure predicts risk for early childhood communication delays, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 41, 7, 559-564. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000816

Salley, B., Hoffman, L., Brady, N., & Fleming, K. (2019). Preverbal communication complexity in infants. Infancy. DOI: 10.1111/infa.12318

Zambrana, I., Vollrath, M., Jacobsson, et al. (2020). Preterm birth and risk for language delays before school entry: A sibling control study. Development and Psychopathology. DOI:

10.1017/S0954579419001536 Zubrick, S.R., Taylor, C.L., Rice, M.L., & Slegers, D.W. (2007). Late language emergence at 24 months: An epidemiological study of prevalence, predictors, and covariates. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 1562–1592.

Translated and used cross-culturally with success:

Abo El Elella, S., Tawfik M., Abo El Fotoh, WMM, et al. (2017). Screening for developmental delay in preschool-aged children using parent-completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires: additional insights into child development. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 93:597-602.

Adeniyi, Y. et al. (2021). Early-onset developmental impairments at a routine immunization clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. International Health, 0:1-6.

Alvik, A., & Grøholt, B. (2011). Examination of the cut-off scores determined by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in a population-based sample of 6-month-old Norwegian infants. BMC Pediatrics, 11, 117.

Armijo, I., Schonhaut, L., & Cordero, M. (2015). Validation of the Chilean version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-CL) in community health settings. Early Human Development, 91, 671-676.

Ashish, K., & Chen, C., Yang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2020). Social-emotional challenges and development of children left behind by migrant mothers. Journal of Global Health, Vol. 10 No. A(• 010806.

Azdi, Z., Islam, K., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of an integrated care package for refugee mothers and children: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. JMIR Publications. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/25047

Bernal, R., Attanasio, O., et al. (2019). Effects of transition from home-based childcare to childcare centers….in Columbia. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 47, 418-431.

Berggren, S. et al. (2021). Serum osteocalcin levels at four months were associated with neurodevelopment at four years of age… Acta Paediatrica, DOI:10.1111/apa/16151.

Bleker, L., Milgrom, J., Sexton-Oates, Al., Parker, D., et al. (2020). Cognitive behavioral therapy for antenatal depression in pilot RCT and effects on offspring 3-7. Frontiers in Psychiatry. Vol 11, Article 24.

Bian, X., Yao, G., Squires, J., Hoselton, R., Chen, C., Murphy, K.,Wei, M., & Fang, B. (2012). Translation and use of parent-completed developmental screening test in Shanghai. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 10(2), 162-175.

Bian, X., Yao, G., Squires, J., Wei, M., Chen, C., & Fang, B. (2010). Studies of the norm and psychometric properties of Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Shanghai children. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Shi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 48(7), 492–496.

Bian, X., Song W. Squires, J., Wei, M., Yao, G. (2010). Study of the cutoff scores of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Chinese for screening infants and toddlers. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Shi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 48(11) 824-828.

Bian, X., Wei M., Shi J., Li H. (2005). Application of cognitive adaptive test / clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale and the ages and stages questionnaires for developmental assessment in Chinese infants and toddlers. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 9(19), 188-190

Bornman, S., Jevcik, R., Romski, M., & Pae, H. (2010). Successfully translating language and culture when adapting assessment measures. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), 110–118.

Campos, J., Squires, J. & Ponte, J. (2010). Universal development screening: Preliminary studies in Galicia, Spain. Early Child Development and Care, 1–11.

Cao, Z. et al. (2021). Association between home environment and development among 3-11- month infants in Shanghai, China. Child: Care, Health, and Development. Doi.org/10.1111/cch.12902.

Chademana, E. et al. (2023). A baseline assessment of developmental delays among children under 5 years in high-HIV prevalence setting in Cape Metropole. South African Journal of Child Health. doi.org/10.7196/SAJCH.2023.v17i3.1911

Chang, R. et al. (2023). Associations of father absence and limited access to books and toys with early childhood development among children ages 0-6 in a rural county lifted out of poverty in China. Child Care Health Develop. 50(1) doi: 10.1111/cch.13145.

Chang, R., Li, C., et al. (2023). Roles of caregiver-child interaction on the association of socioeconomic status with early childhood development among children aged 0-6 in a rural county in Central China. Research Square, 50(1) https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13145

Charafeddine, L., Sinno, D., Ammous, F., Yassin, W., Al-Shaar, L., & Mikati, M.A. (2013). Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Adaptation to an Arabic speaking population and cultural sensitivity. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 17 (5), 471–478.

Chaudhari, S., & Kadam, S. (2012). Ages and Stages Questionnaire – A developmental screening test. Indian Pediatrics, 49(6), 440–441.

Cheng, G., Sha, T., Gao, X., Wu, X., Tian, Q., Yang, F., & Yan, Y. (2019). Effects of maternal prenatal multi-micronutrient supplementation on growth and development until 3 years of age. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152744

Cibralic, S., Hawker, P., et al. (2022), Developmental screening tools used with First Nations populations: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 15627.

Clifford, J., Squires, J., & Murphy, K. (2017). Not lost in translation: Modifying the Ages & Stage Questionnaires for use in cross-cultural context. Current Developmental Disorders Report. DOI 10.1007/s40474-017-0121-2

Cohen, S., Holloway, S., Dominguez-Pareto, I., Kuppermann, M. (2015). Support and Self- Efficacy Among Latino and White Parents of Children With ID. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 120,(1), 16-31.

Dai, X., Williams, G., et al. (2022). The sibling effect on neurodevelopment of preschoolers under China’s newly relaxed child policy: A national retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13:988622.

D’Aprano, A., Brookes, I., et al. (2022). Uptake of the culturally appropriate ASQ‐TRAK developmental screening tool in the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context. Child: Care, Health and Development, doi: 10.1111.cch.13006

D’Aprano, A., Hunter, S-A. et al. (2023). All Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children should have access to the ASQ-TRAK: Shared vision of an implementation support model. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. DOI: 10.1002/hpja.773

D’Aprano, A., Silburn, S., aohnston, V., Robinson, G., Oberklaid, F., & Squires, a. (2016). Adaptation of the Ages& Stages Questionnaires for Remote Aboriginal Australia. Qualitative Health Research, 2016; 26(5):613-25

D’Aprano, A., Silburn, S., Johnston, V., Oberklaid, F., & Taylor, C. (2015). Culturally appropriate training for remote Australian Aboriginal health workers: Evaluation of an early childhood development training intervention. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(5): 613-25.

Delbiso, T., et al. (2024). Early childhood development and nutritional status in urban Ethiopia. *Maternal Child Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13638*

Dionne, C., McKinnon, S., & Squires, J. (2010). Screening delays in development in young children in a First Nations community: Le depistage des retards de developpement chez les jeunes enfants d'une commuaute des Premieres Nations. First Peoples Child and Family Review, 5(2), 117–123.

Dionne, C., McKinnon, S., Squires, J., & Clifford, J. (2014). Developmental screening in a Canadian First Nation (Mohawk): Psychometric properties and adaptations of Ages & Stages Questionnaires (2 nd ). Biomed Central, 14: doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-23.

Dionne, C., Squires, J., Leclerc, D. (2004, June). Psychometric properties of a developmental screening test: Using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) in Quebec and the US. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48(4–5), 408.

Dionne, C., Squires, J., Leclerc, D., Peloquin, J., & McKinnon, S. (2006). Cross-cultural comparison of a French Canadian and U.S. developmental screening test. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 34(1–2), 43–56.

Eadie, P. et al. (2023). Educational and developmental gains in early childhood (EDGE) study protocol: investigating impact of funded 3-year-old kindergarten. International Journal of *Research and Method in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2023.2288114*

Elbers, J., Macnab, A., McLeod, E., & Gagnon, F. (2008). The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Feasibility of use as a screening tool for children in Canada. Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine, 13(1), 9–14.

El-Behadli, A., Neger, E., Perrin, E., & Sheldrick, C., (2015). Translation of developmental screening instruments: An evidence map of available research. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, (36)6, 471-483.

Elella, S., Tawfik, M., El Fotoh, W., Barseem, N. (2016). Screening for developmental delay in preschool-aged children using parent-completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires: additional insights into child development (Egypt). http://pmj.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/13/postgradmedj-2016-134694.

Fallah, R., Islami, Z., & Mosavian, T. (2011). Developmental status of NICU admitted low birth weight preterm neonates at 6 and 12 months of age using Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 5(1), 21–28. Retrieved online at http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijcn/article/viewFile/2120/1827.

Filgueiras, A., Pires, P., Maissonette, S., & Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-adapted version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in public child daycare centers. Early Human Development, 89, 561–576.

Ga, H., & Kwon, J. (2011). A comparison of the Korean-Ages and Stages Questionnaires and Denver Developmental Delay Screening Test. Ann Rehabil Med, 35(3), 369–374.

Gerdes, M., Garcia-Espana, J., Webb, D. et al. (2018). Psychometric properties of two developmental screening instruments for Hispanic children in the Philadelphia region. *Academic Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.10.002.*

Gibb, R. et al. (2021). Promoting executive function skills in preschoolers using a play-based program. Frontiers in Psychology, 720225.

Guiberson, M. & Rodriguez, B. (2010). Measurement properties and classification accuracy of two Spanish parent surveys of language development for preschool-age children. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19, 225-237.

Guo, X. Xu, J et al. (2024). Interaction of prenatal maternal selenium and manganese levels on child neurodevelopmental trajectories-the Shanghai birth cohort study. Science of The *Total Environment. 915, 170095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170095.*

Heo, K., Squires, J., & Yovanoff, P. (2008). Cross-cultural adaptation of a preschool screening instrument: Comparison of Korean and U.S. Populations. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 195–206.

Ho, C., Duursma, E., & Herbert, J., (2023). Mother-infant shared book reading in the first year of life. Infant and Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2465

Hornman, J., Kerstjens, J., De Winter, A., Bos, A. & Reijneveld, S. (2013). Validity and internal consistency of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 60-month version and the effect of three scoring methods. Early Human Development 89(12), 1011-5.

Hossain, M. et al. (2021). International study of 24-h movement behaviors in early years (SUNRISE): a pilot study from Bangladesh. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 7:176.

Janson, H., & Squires, J. (2004). Parent-completed developmental screening in a Norwegian population sample: A comparison with U.S. normative data. Acta Paediatrica, 93(11), 1525–

Janson, H. (2003). Influences on participation rate in a national Norwegian child development screening questionnaire study. Acta Paediatrica, 92(1), 91–6.

Janson, H., Squires, J., & Richter, J. (2008). Effect of violating the age window for a parent- completed child development screening questionnaire. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 8, 98–102.

Jiménez-Martínez M., Navarro-Roldan C.P., Castellanos-Páez V., et al. (2022). Psychometric properties of (the) ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ-3) in a Colombian population. Int J Fam Commun Med. 6(6):316-322. DOI: 10.15406/ijfcm.2022.06.00297

Johansen, K., Jeyaseelan, D., Chan, Y.P., Simpson, S., O'Keefe, M., & D'Aprano, A. (2020). Acceptability of the ASQ-TRAK screening tool to caregivers of Aboriginal children. *Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15099*

Juneja, M., Mohanty, M., Jain, R., & Ramji, S (October 31, 2011). Ages and Stages Questionnaire as a screening tool for developmental delay in Indian children. Indian Pediatrics. Advance online publication. Retrieved online at: http://www.indianpediatrics.net.

Juneja, M., Mohanty, M., Jain, R., & Ramji, S. (2012). Ages and Stages Questionnaire as a screening tool for developmental delay in Indian children. Indian Pediatrics, 49(6), 457–

Kalberg, W. et al. (2023). Relationship-based intervention for children who were prenatally alcohol exposed in South Africa. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104479

Kapci, E., Kucuker, S., & Uslu, R. (2010). How applicable are the Ages and Stages Questionnaires for use with Turkish children? Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 30(3), 148–161.

Kaur, P., Chavan, B. S., Lata, S., Kaur, A., Tinku, S., Arora, Y., & Ratnam, V. (2006). Early intervention in developmental delay. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 73(5), 405–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02758561

Kavousipor, S., Rassafiani, M., et al. (2020). Influence of home affordances on motor skills in 3- 18 month old Iranian children. Early Child Development and Care. doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1727463

Kazemian SV, Farkhani EM, Jarahi L (2024). Prevalence and determinants of suspected developmental delays among 12-month-old children in northeast of Iran: a large-scale population-based study. BMJ Paediatrics Open,8:e002393. doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2023- 002393

Kerstjens, J., Bos, A., ten Vergert, E., de Meer, G., Burcher, P., & Reijneveld, S. (2009). Support for the global feasibility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire as developmental screener. Early Human Development, 85(7), 443–447.

Khan, N. et al. (2023). Is early childhood development care at public health facilities in Pakistan effective: A clustered randomized trial. Global Health: Science and *Practice/. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00037*

Khorrami Z, Namdar A. (2018). Development status among one-year-old children referring to urban health centers of Jahrom: An Assessment based on Ages & Stages Questionnaires. Community Health, 5(2). 141-50.

Kikuchi, K., Michikawa, T., Morokuma, S. et al. (2024). Infants’ early recovery from sleep disturbance is associated with a lower risk of developmental delay in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Sci Rep 14, 17773. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598- 024-68672-5.

Kim, M.K., & Choi, J-W. (2022). Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: A prospective birth cohort study. BMC *International Breastfeeding Journal. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-16984/v2*

Kim, K., & Chung, U. (2021). Associations among exposure to television or video, language development, and school achievement in childhood: a prospective birth cohort study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(5), 1-10.

Kim, S.W., Hanm Z.A., Jeon, H.R., Choi, J.Y., Chung, H.J. Kim, Y.K., Yoon, Y.H. (2011). Neurodevelopmental disorders of children screened by the infantile health promotion system. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(6), 867-872.

Kobayashi, Y., Tokuda, N.et al. (2020). Association between surgical procedures undergoing general anesthesia in infants and developmental outcomes at 1 year: Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 25:32.

Koushiou, M., et al. (2023). Exploring the Ages and Stage Questionnaire—3 psychometric properties with Greek-Cyprot males and females during toddlerhood: preliminary findings. Global Pediatrics, 4, 100045.

Kovanen, P., Maatta, P., Leskinen, & Heinonen, K. (2000). Parents as developmental screeners: The applicability of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in Finland. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44(3 & 4), 353.

Kvestad, I., Taneja, S., Kumar, T., Bhandari, N., Strand, T., Hysing, M. (2013). The assessment of developmental status using the Ages and Stages qestuionnaire-3 in nutritional research in north Indian young children. Nutrition Journal, 12:50,1-11.

Kyerematen, V., Hamb, A., Oberhelman, R., Cabrera, L., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., & Berry, S. (2014).
Exploratory application of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) child development screening test in a low-incidence shandytown population, BMJ Open, January 14, 2014. Laguardia, G., et al. (2021). O father where art thou? Early maternal employment and child development. Instituto de Economia, DT.05/21. Lando, A., Klamer, A., Jonsbo, J., Weiss, J., & Greisen, G. (2005). Developmental delay at 12 months in children born extremely preterm. Acta Paediatrica, 94, 1604–1607. Li, Y., Li, S., Tang, L. et al. (2022). The effect of ECD program on the caregiver’s parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices: based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial in economically vulnerable areas of China. BMC Public Health 22, 1958. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14268-5 Li, Y., Tang, L., et al. (2020). Reliability and validity of the caregiver reported Early Development Instrument in impoverished regions of China. BMC Pediatrics.20:475. Long, D., Minogue, J., et al. (2024). Neurodevelopmental outcome and quality of life in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: A single-centre Australian cohort study.
Australian Critical Care, https://www.australiancriticalcare.com/article/S1036- 7314(24)00087-0/fulltext Lopes, S., Graca, P, Teixeira, S., Serrano, A. & Squires, J. (2015). Psychometric properties and rd validation of the Portuguese version of Ages & Stages Questionnaires (3 edition): 9, 18, and 30 Questionnaires. Early Human Development (91) 9, 527-533. Ma, G., et al. (2023). Early stimulation and responsive care: A mediator of caregivers’ depression on suspected DD of left-behind children. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.118 Ma, R., Yang, K., Chen, C., Kahe, K., et al. (2021). Early-life exposure to aluminum and fine motor performance in infants: a longitudinal study. Journal of Environmental Epidemiology. Doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00294-9 Manti, F., Giovannone, F. et al. (2023). Psychometric properties and validation of the Italian version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires Third Edition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 20(6), 5014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065014 Maselko, J., Hagaman, A., Bates, L., Bhalotra, S. et al. (2019). Father involvement in the first year of life: Associations with maternal mental health and child development outcomes in rural Pakistan. Social Science & Medicine. 112421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112421

Milbrath, G., Constance, C. et al. (2020). Comparing two early childhood development assessment tools in rural Limpopo, South Africa. BMC Pediatrics. 20:197.

Miller, L., Neupane, S., Joshi, N., Shrestha, M. et al. (2020). Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children. Maternal and Child Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12964.

Moraveji, S., Ghaffarian, H., Atoof, F., Rabbani, D. et al. (2019). Evaluation of evolutionary status of 4-60-month old children in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol and its related factors in 2016-2017. International Archives of Health Sciences, (6)2.

Nazari, J., et al. (2021). Physical and mental growth and development in children with hypothyroidism: a case-control study. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 16:393.

Nduka, E., & Jimoh, M. (2024). Air Pollution, Child Health, and Cognitive Development. (2024). The Journal of Development Studies, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2024.2420024

Ngyuyen P., Friedman, J., Kak, M., Menon, P, & Alderman, H. (2018). Maternal depressive symptoms are negatively associated with child growth and development: Evidence from rural India. Maternal Child Nutrition.doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12621.

Nozardi, S., Clifford, J., Du, R., Murphy, K. et al. (2019). Use of Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) in a Navajo population: Comparison with US normative dataset. Child Care Health Development. 45:709-718.

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Studies by the authors of ASQ:

Squires, J., Bricker, D., & Clifford, J. (2010). Developmental Screening Measures: Stretching the Use of the ASQ for Other Assessment Purposes. Infants & Young Children, 23(1), 14–22.

Squires, J., Bricker, D., Twombly, E., & Potter, L. (2009). ASQ-3 User’s Guide. Baltimore: Paul

H. Brookes Publishing Co. o Normative sample of over 18,000 questionnaires across 21 intervals from 2 months to 5.5 years. High reliability (> 90%), internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity. See http://www.agesandstages.com for ASQ-3 Technical Report for complete psychometric data. Squires, J., Potter, L., & Bricker, D., (1999). The ASQ User’s Guide, Second Edition. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. o Normative sample of over 8,000 questionnaires, high reliability (> 90%), internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity. See The ASQ User’s Guide, Second Edition for Technical Report on ASQ for complete psychometric data.

Squires, J., Bricker, D., & Potter, L. (1997). Revision of a parent-completed developmental screening tool: Ages and Stages Questionnaires. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22(3), 313–28.

Squires, J., Potter, L., Bricker, D., & Lamorey, S. (1998). Parent-completed developmental questionnaires: Effectiveness with low and middle income parents. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 13(2), 345–354.

Squires, J. (2000). Early detection of development delays: Parents as first-level screeners. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44(3 & 4), 471.

Squires, J. (1996). Parent completed developmental questionnaires: A low-cost strategy for child find and screening. Infants & Young Children, 9(1), 16–28.

Yovanoff, P., McManus, S., & Squires, J. (2013). Web-based and paper-pencil administration of a developmental questionnaire for young children: Score interpretation using item response theory. Infants and Young Children. (26)4, 318-332.

Ages & Stages Questionnaires Inventory Studies

Pitchik, H., et al. (2023). Concurrent validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in rural Bangladesh. BMC *Pediatrics. 23:93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03800-6*

Also see: http://www.agesandstages.com May 2025