## Commonly Used Parent-Report Developmental Screening Tools | Instrument | Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition (ASQ®-3): A Parent-Completed Child Monitoring System | Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ II) | Infant Development Inventory (IDI) and the Child Development Review Parent Questionnaires (CDR-PQ) | Parents' Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS) and PEDS: Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM) | The Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | For use with | Children from 1-66 months | Children from birth to 6 years | Children from birth to 18 months (IDI); and children from 18 months to kindergarten (CDR-PQ) | Children from birth to 8 years | Children from 2-60 months | | Questionnaire items | ASQ-3 includes 21 age-specific questionnaires, which allow you to accurately screen anytime between 1 and 66 months—whether at the AAP recommended 9-, 18-, and 24-or 30-month well-child visits, or whenever the child enters your program | The PDQ is a 105-item questionnaire regarding a child's current level of development. At each visit the parent is asked to answer 7-10 age-appropriate questions | The IDI includes about 85 developmental milestones divided by month and across 5 domains; the CDR-PQ includes about 100 items divided by month or year and across 5 domains; also includes open-ended questions | PEDS is a single questionnaire containing the same 10 open-ended questions for all ages to elicit and address parents' concerns. PEDS:DM provides 6-8 milestones-type items per well visit | The SWYC is an age-specific screening instrument for children under 5 years of age. Every SWYC form includes subscales on developmental milestones (SWYC Milestones), behavior (Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist or Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist), and family risk factors. At certain ages, a section for autism-specific screening (Parents Observation of Social Interaction) is also included. | | Single stage screener? | Yes. Empirically derived cutoff scores produce results that clearly suggest whether to(a) evaluate further,(b) closely monitor,and/or(c) share information with parents about a child's strengths and recommend activities for healthy development | No. Results of the PDQ showing two or more delays produce a referral for further screening with the professionally administered DENVER II. | Yes. The results are compared to age norms, and classified as "typical" for age in all areas,or as "borderline" or "delayed" in one or more areas of development | Yes, when used in combination. PEDS "provides decision-making paths to aid in interpreting parents' responses to questions." | Yes. The results will indicate whether immediate counseling and/or a referral for intervention is suggested. Some options for immediate counseling/intervention are provided. | ## Developmental areas screened | Developmental areas screened | Communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social (plus self-regulation, compliance, adaptive functioning, autonomy, affect, social-communication, and interaction with people with ASQ:SE-2) | Personal and social, fine motor, gross motor, and language | Social, self-help, gross motor, fine motor, language | Expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, gross motor, social-emotional, self-help, academics in both reading and math (older children) | Cognitive, language, motor, behavior, social-emotional interaction | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Sample item | The parent answers Yes, Sometimes, or Not Yet: Does your child stack a small block or toy on top of another one? (18-month questionnaire, fine motor area) | (sample not available) | The parent checks (or doesn’t check) runs well, seldom falls (2-0 years, gross motor area) | The parent circles No, Yes, or A Little and adds comments: Do you have any concerns about how your child talks and makes speech sounds? (expressive language and articulation area) | The parent fills in Not Yet, Somewhat, or Very Much: Does your child name at least 5 familiar objects - like ball or milk? (18 month developmental milestone form) | | Time to complete and score | 2-3 minutes to score. Once parents complete the questionnaire (10-15 minutes), the professional consults a scoring grid with clearly designated results | 10 and 20 minutes to administer and interpret the test. | IDI: 5-10 minutes CDR: 10-20 minutes | PEDS: Takes about two minutes to administer and score if conducted as an interview. DM: 5 minutes to administer, one minute to score. | 15 minutes or less to complete | | Standardization | Standardized in an unparalleled national sample of 15,138 children | Drawn from the DENVER II, which was normed on 2036 children in Colorado; diversified in terms of age, place of residence/ethnicity/cultural background, and maternal education | IDI: Studied in 86 high-risk 8-month-olds seen in a perinatal follow-up program and compared with the Bayley scales; CDR: Standardized with 220 children aged 3-4 from primarily white, working class families in south St. Paul, MN | PEDS: Standardized on 47,000 families from various backgrounds, including levels of socioeconomic status, language backgrounds, and varying ethnicities. DM: Standardized on more than 1600 children across the US | Milestones checklist: 864 children in initial validation sample. BPSC: 259 children in original validation sample. PPSC: 646 children in initial validation sample. POSI: 217 children in original sample. All recruitment sites were in Eastern Massachusetts. | | Sensitivity | 86% | DENVER II: 68% | IDI: 85% CDR: 68% | 74%-80% | 76% (SWYC Milestones) Above 70% (PBSC) | ## Specificity | Specificity | 85% | DENVER II: 88% | IDI: 77% CDR: 88% | 70%-80% | 77% (SWYC Milestones) Above 70% (PPSC) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Reading Level | 4th-6th grade level | Unknown | 7th-8th grade level | PEDS: 4th-5th grade reading level DM: 1st-2nd grade reading level | Unknown | | Initial cost | ASQ-3 Starter Kit: $295.00 Includes: ASQ-3 User's Guide, ASQ-3 Quick-Start Guide, and a photocopiable print master set of 21 questionnaires and scoring sheets, as well as a CD-ROM with printable PDF questionnaires | The Denver II test kit is no longer available for purchase. The Training Manual and Test forms can be downloaded online. | Health Care Starter Pack (HC-S) $150.00 Includes 75 IDI, 75 CDR-PQ, 75 CDC - With all necessary manuals and instructions. | PEDS:DM plus PEDS: $346.00. Includes the PEDS:DM starter kit plus 100 PEDS Response Forms and the PEDS Brief Guide. The PEDS:DM Recording Form (100 supplied with each order) includes the PEDS Scoring/Interpretation Form that identifies when the PEDS:DM is needed. | The SWYC is available for free on the Floating Hospital for Children website. | | Ongoing costs | None. All forms may be photocopied or printed from CD-ROM by the purchasing organization for no extra charge | None. | $45.00 per pad of 75 (instructions included). | PEDS Response Forms (pad of 50): $19.50. PEDS Score/Interpretation Forms (pad of 50): $19.50 PEDS:DM Recording Forms (100): $57.00 | None. | | Languages | English, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, French, and Vietnamese | English and Spanish | English, Spanish, and Vietnamese | English and Spanish. Additional languages available to license. | English, Spanish, Khmer, Burmese, Nepali, Portuguese, Haitian-Creole, and Arabic | | Training options | DVD training: ASQ-3 Scoring and Referral, Ages & Stages Questionnaires on a Home Visit; onsite customized seminars offered through Brookes On Location professional development program; | Instructions for scoring and interpreting the PDQ II are found within the Training Manual | Instructions are included in the required Child Development Review Manual | Using PEDS:DM instructional video, PowerPoint slide shows, and additional downloadable training material available online | Instructions are included in the SWYC User's Manual, available online. | --- *Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this chart is accurate, according to the latest information available from the publishers of each of the tools.* *Please contact the publishers directly with any questions.* ### Sources 1. Child Development Review. Retrieved January 4, 2018. 2. Denver Developmental Materials, Inc. Retrieved January 4, 2018. 3. PEDS: Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status. Retrieved January 4, 2018 and January 2, 2019. 4. “Identifying Infants and Young Children with Developmental Disorders in the Medical Home: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening.” Retrieved January 4, 2018. 5. “Selecting Developmental Surveillance and Screening Tools.” Retrieved January 4, 2018. 6. The Survey of Well-being of Young Children. Retrieved December 14, 2018. 7. Birth to Five: Watch Me Thrive! A Compendium of Screening Measures for Young Children, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 2014.